Ammonium chloride

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Ammonium chloride

 

Ammonium chloride (ammonium chloride, the technical name is Sal ammoniac) NH4Cl is the salt of ammonium, a white crystalline slightly hygroscopic powder, odorless.

Ammonium chloride (ammonium chloride, ammonia) is a inorganic compound widely used in a variety of areas. From the chemical point of view—, ammonium salt; the formula NH4Cl.

Not to be confused with ammonia alcohol — water solution of ammonia.

Solubility (anhydrous substance in an anhydrous solvent): ethanol — 0,6 g/100 g, in methanol and 3.3 g/100 g. Aqueous solutions due to hydrolysis have a slightly acid reaction; well soluble in liquid ammonia.

When heated to 338 °C fully breaks down into NH3 and HCl (fuming).

Chemical properties:

- reacts with the alkalis;

- reacts with sodium nitrite in heating, with the formation of sodium chloride, nitrogen and water;

under the influence of electric current decomposes with formation of chloride of nitrogen.

NH4Cl a white crystalline powder (reagent technical purity may be yellowish or pink), slightly hygroscopic, odorless, salty taste. Highly soluble in water and liquid ammonia, with increasing temperature water solubility increased. Comes reacts with alkalis with formation of salts, water and ammonia. To a much lesser extent, the reagent is soluble in ethyl and methyl alcohols. Burning with the release dense white smoke. Completely decomposes at temperatures above 338 °C, and also under the action of electric current. Burning ammonium chloride allocates ammonia, which irritates the respiratory system.

In industry, ammonium chloride get by evaporation of the mother liquor remaining after separation sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 after the reaction in which carbon dioxide is passed through a solution of ammonia and sodium chloride.

In the laboratory ammonium chloride get the interaction of hydrogen chloride with ammonia by passing them through NaCl solution.

Application:

- nitrogen fertilizer (25% N) for neutral and alkaline soils for crops, poorly responsive to excess chlorine (sugar beets, rice, corn);

- registered as food additive is E510, in the Scandinavian countries and Finland is used as food seasoning, including the composition of licorice candy "Tyrkisk Peber" "Salmiakki" etc.;

- used for soldering as a flux (to remove the oxide film from the surfaces of metals);

- in galvanic elements a component of the electrolyte;

- in medicine for edema of cardiac of origin and to enhance the action of diuretics;

- laboratory technologies for lysis of red blood cells

- as demobrowser;

- in photography as a component of quick fixer;

- in non-ferrous metallurgy for etching of metals;

- in the textile industry — for curing of adhesives and varnishes;

- to obtain ammonia, which lead to a sense of loss of consciousness. Also ammonium chloride is component of cardiac decongestants tools, cough. It used to enhance certain diuretic medications;

- In the food industry is a food Supplement E510 permitted in European countries. It is used to improve the properties of flour, as a thickener and emulsifier for the manufacture of fruit and berry wines, licorice candy as a seasoning for fish;

- In the manufacture of wicks for candles.

- At home in diluted form — for cleaning of different surfaces and decorations in the wash.

 

Ammonium chloride technical transporterowych by all kinds of transport (except air) in covered transport media. The product Packed in special soft containers, transporterowych open rolling stock without transshipment EN route.

Ammonium chloride technical stored in closed warehouse, protecting the product from moisture. The area where placed the bags shall be cleaned from exposed and sharp items that may puncture the bag.

Allowed storage of chloride ammonium, Packed in soft specialized containers, in open sites.

 

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