Benzoic acid

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Benzoic acid

 

Chemical formula: C6H5COOH

Density: 1.32 g/cm3

Reg. room CAS no.: 65-85-0

Benzoic acid С6Н5СООН — simple monobasic carboxylic acid is aromatic series.

Benzoic acid — white crystals, poorly soluble in water, readily in ethanol, chloroform and diethyl ether. Benzoic acid is, like most other organic acids, weak acid.

Clean acid has a melting point 122,4 °C, boiling point 249 °C.

Easy sublimates; distilled with water vapor, so is ineffective to increase the concentration of aqueous solutions of benzoic acid by evaporation of the solution.

Benzoic the acid can be obtained by oxidation of methylbenzene strong oxidising agents, such for example, as potassium permanganate, chromium oxide (VI), nitric or chromic acid, and the decarboxylation of phthalic acid.

In industrial scale of benzoic acid obtained by oxidation of toluene with oxygen catalyst (naphthenate of manganese or cobalt).

Benzoic acid is used as chemical standard for calibration of calorimeters for temperature and heat capacity.

Benzoic acid is used to produce many chemicals, the most important of them are the following:

The it, C6H5C(O)Cl, is obtained by treatment of benzoic acid with thionyl chloride, phosgene or chlorides of phosphorus. C6H5C(O)Cl is an important starting material for certain derivatives of benzoic acid such as benzyl benzoate, used as artificial flavors repellent.

Benzoate plasticizers, such as glycol-, diethylene glycol - and trietilenglikol esters obtained by peretiraetsya methylbenzoate with the appropriate diola. Alternative these substances are obtained by the action of it on the corresponding diol. These plastifications with the corresponding esters of terephthalic acid.

Phenol, C6H5OH, obtained by oxidative decarboxylation at 300-400 °C. Required temperature can be lowered to 200 °C by adding catalytic quantities of copper salts (II). Further, the phenol can be converted in cyclohexanol, which serves as starting material in the synthesis of nylon.

Benzoic acid and its salts used for preserving food (food additive E210, E211, E212, E213). Benzoic acid, inhibiting enzymes slows the metabolism in unicellular organisms. It inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria. It is added directly or in the form of sodium, potassium or calcium salt.

Mechanism the action begins with the absorption of benzoic acid cell. Since wall cells can penetrate only an undissociated acid, benzoic acid exhibits antimicrobial activity only in acidic foods. If the intracellular pH of 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose using phosphorochloridate reduced by 95 %. The effectiveness of benzoic acid and benzoates depends on the pH of food. Acidic foods, drinks such as fruit juices (citric acid), sparkling drinks (carbon dioxide), soft drinks (phosphoric acid), pickles (acetic acid) or other zakislenna food preserved with benzoic acid and its salts. The typical concentration of benzoic acid for preservation of food 0.05-0.1 %. It is believed that benzoic acid and its salt in some soft drinks, can react with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), forming small quantities of benzene. But in fact for obtaining of benzene from benzoic acid required the reaction of decarboxylation at high temperatures (releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct reaction).

Benzoic acid used in medicine for skin diseases, as an external antiseptic (antimicrobial) and fungi (antifungal) funds when trihofitiej and mycosis, and its sodium salt as an expectorant.

Esters of benzoic acid (from methyl to amyl) have a strong odor and are used in perfume industry. Some other derivatives of benzoic acid, such as, for example, chlorine - and nitrobenzene acid, are widely used for the synthesis of dyes.

Benzoic acid is Packed in four-, five-layer paper bags of 25 kg or in cardboard winding drums with paper or polyethylene liners.

Transporterowych all kinds of transport in accordance with shipping rules in force in this mode of transport. Stored in a packaging manufacturer in indoor storage areas protected against the penetration of groundwater and atmospheric precipitation.

 

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