Red phosphorus

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Red phosphorus

Red phosphorus is more thermodynamically stable modification of elemental phosphorus. It was first obtained in 1847 in Sweden Austrian chemist A. Schretterat heating white phosphorus at 500 °C in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide(CO) in a sealed glass ampoule.

Red phosphorus has the formula RP and is a polymerwith the complex structure. Depending on the production method and the degree of crushing, red phosphorus has shades from purple-red to purple, and in the cast condition — dark purple with copper shade has a metallic luster. Reactivity of red phosphorus is much lower than the white; he inherent to this extremely low solubility. Dissolving red phosphorus possible only in some molten metals (lead and bismuth) than sometimes use to obtain large crystals. For example, the German physical chemist I. V. Hittorf in 1865 for the first time received well built, but small-sized crystals (phosphorus Hittorf). Red phosphorus in the air not self-igniting, until the temperature of 240-250 °C (at the transition into the white form during the sublimation), but ignites by friction or impact, he is completely absent the phenomenon of chemiluminescence. Insoluble in water and in benzene, carbon disulphide and other substances soluble in tribromide phosphorus. At the temperature of sublimation red phosphorus is converted into steam, cooling which is formed in mostly white phosphorus.

Poisonous it is thousands of times less than white, so it used is much wider, for example, in the manufacture of matches(composition on the basis of red phosphorus is covered with a scratch surface boxes). The densityof the red phosphorus is also higher, and up to 2400 kg/m3 in the cast. When stored at the air red phosphorus in the presence of moisture is gradually oxidised, forming hygroscopic oxide, absorbs water and dampen ("otmokaet"), forming a viscous phosphoric acid; therefore, it is stored in a sealed container. When "soak" — is washed with water from the remnants of phosphoric acid is dried and used for a purpose.

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