Citric acid

Chemical formula: C6H8O7

Density: Of 1.66 g/cm3

Reg. CAS number: 77-92-9

Lemon acid (2-a description:-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-3-carboxypentyl) HOOC-CH2-C(OH)COOH-CH2-COOH or (НООССН2)2C(OH)COOH — tribasic carboxylic acid. Crystalline substance white color, melting point 153 °C. soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in diethyl ether. Weak acid. Salts and esters of citric acid are called citrates.

Lemon acid, being the main intermediate product of the metabolic cycle CREB plays an important role in the system of biochemical reactions cellular respiration many organisms.

Since the tricarboxylic acid cycle used in respiration of all aerobic organisms, citric acid in particular concentration found in most prokaryotes and in almost all eukaryotes (mainly in mitochondria). Most concentration contained in a number of plants: berries, citrus fruits, pine needles, the stems and leaves of tobacco in connection with nicotine, many in Chinese Magnolia vine and in greater concentration than in Mature unripe lemons.

Weak tribasic acid in solution is subjected to electrolytic dissociation.

Shows common to all carboxylic acids properties. When heated above 175 °C the myself, as well as with strong acids, citric acid goes into Aconitum acid, and dry distillation, loses water and carbon dioxide with simultaneous the formation of acetone in the itaconic anhydrides and tetracarbonyl. In the reactions with strong oxidizing agents (potassium permanganate, potassium chlorate salt) goes into acrylic acid and ethylene oxide. In an aqueous solution of chelates complexes with ions of calcium, magnesium, copper, iron etc.

Lemon the acid previously obtained from the juice of the lemon and biomass of tobacco. Currently the main way of industrial production, the biosynthesis of sugar or sugar substances (molasses) industrial strains of fungi Aspergillusniger.

Itself acid and its salts (sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium citrate, distractible of bismuth), is widely used as a flavoring agent, the regulator acidity and preservative in food industry (food additive E330—Е333), for the production of processed cheese, drinks, dry sparkling drinks.

Used in medicine, including in the composition of funds, improves energy metabolism (in the Krebs cycle).

In cosmetics used as an acidity regulator, buffer, chelating agent, for effervescent compositions (baths).

When ingestion in small doses (for example, if you eat citrus) activates the Krebs cycle, which helps speed up metabolism.

In the oil industry in drilling oil and gas wells used for neutralize the high pH of the mud (after the alkaline baths).

In the construction of citric acid is used as an additive to cement and plaster, wagamama to slow the setting time.

Lemon acid can be used for etching printed circuits (in conjunction with the peroxide of hydrogen).

Widely used in household as cleaning agents.

Lemon acid contained in the human body.

Dry citric acid and its concentrated solutions in case of contact with eyes cause severe irritation in contact with skin may slight irritation. When one-time ingestion of large quantities of citric acid are possible: irritation of the gastric mucosa, coughing, pain, bloody vomiting. When inhalation dust-dry citric acid — irritation of the respiratory tract.

Lemon acid transporterowych all types of transport.Citric acid is stored in closed storage spaces on wooden shelves or pallets at relative humidity not more than 70%.