Isopropanol

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Isopropyl alcohol

 

Chemical formula: C3H8O

Density: 0,7851 g/cm3

Reg. CAS number: 67-63-0

Isopropyl alcohol (propanol-2, Deut-propanol, isopropanol, dimethylcarbinol, IPS) — organic compound, the simplest secondary monatomic alcohol of the aliphatic series. There is the isomer isopropanol — propanol-1.

Isopropyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a characteristic spirituous odor, sharper than that of ethanol (this the basis of their possible in some cases to distinguish). The refractive index 1,3776 (in the liquid state at 20 °C). Dynamic viscosity at standard conditions 2,43 MPa·s. the Molar heat capacity (art cond.) — 155,2 j/(mol·K). Specific the heat of combustion of 34.1 MJ/kg.

The vapor mixes well with air, readily forms explosive mixtures. The vapour pressure of 4.4 kPa (at 20 °C). The relative vapour density is 2.1, the relative density of the mixture steam/air 1,05 (20 °C).

Soluble in acetone, soluble in benzene, other solvents (water, organic) mixed in any ratios. With water forms an azeotropic mixture (of 87.9 % isopropyl alcohol tкипения of 80.2 °C).

There are two methods of industrial the production of isopropanol — acetone hydrogenation and hydration of propylene.

Isopropyl alcohol is used in as a substitute for ethyl alcohol in cosmetics, perfumery, household chemicals, chemicals, medical goods, products for cleaning glass, office equipment and as a solvent in industry.

In developed countries, propanol-2 widely used in personal care products and in medicine due to the low toxicity. 75% Aqueous solution of dimethylcarbinol used as disinfectant for hands. Water promotes the penetration through the membrane then bacteria, thus providing high efficiency and more high-quality disinfection. Isopropyl alcohol is used as the auxiliary component is a preventive measure against external otitis.

Like all alcohols, flammable, moderately toxic, demands careful attention. Effective for treatment of dermatitis in as a means to wipe the affected skin, the negative impact the skin is not marked.

Isopropyl alcohol is used for received: acetone (dehydrogenation or partial oxidation), peroxide hydrogen, methyl isobutyl ketone, isopropylacetate, Isopropylamine.

Also, isopropanol is included cosmetics, perfumery, household chemicals, disinfectants, means for car (antifreeze, solvent, windshield washer fluid in the winter), flushing printed circuit boards after soldering with the flux.

Isopropyl alcohol is used in industry, when cutting aluminum, turning, milling and other works. In mixed with oil can significantly increase productivity. Isopropyl alcohol is used as a reference standard in gas chromatography (for example, when testing drugs on residual organic solvents). Often used when welding optical fibers to clean fibers before chipping.

The ingestion of isopropyl alcohol causes drunkenness, intoxication similar to the ordinary alcohol (ethyl alcohol).

Isopropyl alcohol is poured into the barrels are steel or aluminum, transporterowych in a special train tanks and vehicles-tanks.

Isopropyl alcohol is stored in specially equipped metal tanks, barrels, bottles in accordance with the rules of storage of flammable substances.

 

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