Sheet 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 22, 25, 32, 40 steel 10hsnd

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Features welding 10HSND and low-alloy steels low-alloy steels are classified as well be welded. However, the presence of alloying elements determines possibility of hardening structures in the heat-affected zone, which under unfavourable combination of other factors can result in a decrease of its resistance against cold cracks. Alloying elements can reduce the resistance of the joints hot cracking, exacerbate, or, conversely, to reduce the effects of heat and the susceptibility to brittle fracture of the metal in the heat-affected zone and the weld. Special difficulties arise when welding thermally improved steels, which razobratsya in different parts of the heat-affected zone.

The greatest difficulties when welding steels of this class associated with obtaining the required toughness of the weld metal and heat-affected zone near the border of fusion. Low resistance against brittle fracture of low-alloy steels, subjected to overheating during electroslag welding, may be the result of a significant escalation of austenitic grain and vnutrikabinnoe patterns, education, widmanstatten patterns and ferritic rims at the grain boundaries, increased fragility of ferritic basis metal, the development of high-temperature chemical heterogeneity, redistribution and allocation along the grain boundary carbides or low-melting of sulfide inclusions in the form of captivity and lines.

Similarly causes a decrease in resistance to brittle fracture of the weld metal. In contrast to the metal heat-affected zone, which is under the influence of the welding heat is undergoing a - u - a-transformation in the weld metal is only the conversion. This circumstance, as well as krupnodernytsi structure of the weld metal cause significant chemical heterogeneity, particularly on the most liquorous impurities steel-sulfur, phosphorus, carbon.

Electroslag method of welding inherent refinement effect. Exceptionally clean is the seam on the oxide inclusions, so typical for all arc welding. As sulfides and phosphides, their total number is small. On the properties of the weld during electroslag welding of the main influences are not so much the number of these inclusions as the allocation of sulphides in the form of films on the grain boundaries, particularly in the area of the seam axis, and the intracrystalline porosity phosphorus, enriching parts of ferrite, coinciding with the boundaries of the primary crystallites.

Distribution of non-metallic inclusions in the weld metal is largely determined by the orientation of the crystallites growth, which depends, in turn, from welding modes. With increasing speed welding (wire feed speed) and depth of the metal bath sulfides, pushed Kosi seam growing at an obtuse angle with the crystallites increases and the toughness of the weld metal decreases.

Reduce resistance to brittle destruction gases - oxygen and nitrogen in solid solution, and increased dislocation density in the weld metal.

In the compounds of most low-alloy steels toughness of the weld metal and heat-affected zone near the border of alloying in the areas of overheating and solid-liquid state at room temperature in a state after welding or after the holidays usually complies with the relevant technical specifications. At lower temperatures, the impact strength of these sites is often low. For these reasons, the choice of electroslag welding and subsequent heat treatment is largely determined by the operating conditions of the structure and resistance of low-alloy steel and weld metal in the weld against brittle fracture.

There are several opportunities to obtain compounds with high properties. They consist in the choice of materials with high resistance against overheating during electroslag welding, rational treatment, modes and techniques of welding. The task of the engineer is to evaluate the resistance to brittle fracture of the weld metal and welded steel in the heat-affected zone and the definition of specific structures and their usage best practices for improving properties of compounds.

Alloying steel has a decisive influence on its resistance against overheating during electroslag welding. Rational alloying of steel it may be so high that the requirements for notch toughness of metal near the border of fusion are satisfied after the high holidays, without the use of improving high-temperature heat treatment is normalization.