Citric acid

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Citric acid

 

Chemical formula: C6H8O7

The density of 1.66 g/cm3

Reg. CAS number: 77-92-9

 

 

Citric acid (2-a description:-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-3-carboxypentyl) HOOC-CH2-C(OH)COOH-CH2-COOH or (НООССН2)2C(OH)COOH — tribasic carboxylic acid. Crystalline substance of white color, melting point 153 °C. Soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in diethyl ether. Weak acid. Salts and esters of citric acid are called the citrates.

Citric acid, being the main intermediate metabolic product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, plays important role in the biochemical reactions of cellular respiration multiple organisms.

Since the tricarboxylic acid cycle use during respiration all aerobic organisms, the citric acid in a certain concentration is contained in most prokaryotes and in almost all eukaryotes (mainly in mitochondria). The greatest concentration of it contains in a number of plants: berries, citrus fruits, needles, stalks, and the leaves of tobacco in connection with nicotine, many in Chinese the lemongrass and in greater concentration than in Mature unripe lemons.

Weak tribasic acid the solution is subjected to electrolytic dissociation.

Manifests common to all carbon acids properties. When heated above 175 °C in and of itself, but also with a strong acids, citric acid goes into Aconitum acid, and when dry distillation, loses water and carbon dioxide with the simultaneous formation of acetone, in tarakanovoj itaconic anhydrides and acids. In reactions with strong oxidizing agents (potassium permanganate, potassium chlorate salt) goes into acrylic acid and ethylene oxide. In aqueous solution it forms chelate complexes with ions calcium, magnesium, copper, iron etc.

Citric acid previously received from lemon juice and biomass of tobacco. Currently, the main way industrial production — biosynthesis of sugar or sweeteners (molasses) industrial strains of molds Aspergillus niger.

The acid, and its salts (citrate sodium, potassium citrate, calcium citrate, tripotassium dicitrate bismuth), widely used as a flavoring agent, acidity regulator and preservative in food industry (food additive E330—Е333), for the production of processed cheese, drinks, dry sparkling drinks.

Used in medicine, including in the composition of funds, improves energy metabolism (in the Krebs cycle).

In cosmetics used as acidity regulator, buffer, chelating agent for effervescent compositions (tubs).

When administered in small doses (for example, in the use of citrus) activates the Krebs cycle that helps to speed up metabolism.

In the petroleum industry when drilling oil and gas wells is used to neutralize high pH drilling mud (after the alkaline baths).

In the construction of citric acid used as an additive to cement and plaster, wagamama to slow setting.

Citric acid can be used for the etching of printed circuit boards (with hydrogen peroxide).

Widely used in household chemicals as a cleaning agent.

Citric acid is contained in the human body.

Dry citric acid and its concentrated solutions in contact with the eyes causes severe irritation, when contact with skin may slight irritation. Lump sum the ingestion of large quantities of citric acid possible. the mucous membrane of the stomach, coughing, pain, bloody vomiting. Inhalation of dust dry citric acid respiratory tract irritation.

Citric acid transporterowych all types of transport. Citric acid is stored in closed warehouse spaces on wooden shelves or pallets at a relative humidity of air no more than 70%.

 

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